The Tide Turns
Siete decided that he was only willing to stop the enterprise if he had the feeling that he had tried everything. He formulated a list of five things to do before allowing himselfto quit and he set about these on his return, but not before sending a copy of the newspaper article to one of the potential investors who had previously backed out. Siete also sent a candid e-mail to Siebren de Vries, the founder and owner of Chess telling him he was considering his options for the business see Table...
Rfid Wireless Networks
Several organizations, including Wal-Mart and Proctor amp Gamble P amp G , are currently testing and deploying radio frequency identification RFID technology in their supply chains. In addition, the Department of Defense has mandated that its suppliers tag their products at the pallet level using RFID tags. The potential advantages of RFID technology in the supply chain are numerous. RFID technology has the ability to provide up-to-the-minute information on sales of items, and thus can give an...
Analysis Using Binomial Distribution
The binomial distribution gives the discrete probability distribution Pp n N of obtaining exactly n successes terminal falling only within a particular AP range, e.g., AP-5 out of N Bernoulli trials or terminals falling within the coverage of a particular AP and its neighboring APs where the result of each Bernoulli trial is true with probability p and false with probability q 1 -p . The binomial distribution is therefore given by Assume that the desired probability ofterminals falling within...
References Plb
Ackerman, M., amp Haverton, C. 2004 . Sharing expertise The next step for knowledge management. In M. Huysman amp V. Wulf Eds. Social capital and information technology Chapter 11 . Cambridge, USA and London, England The MIT Press. Agres, C., Edberg, D., amp Igbaria, M. 1998 . Transformation to virtual societies Forces and issues. The Information Society, 14 2 , 71-82. Albert, S. 2005 . Smart community networks Self-directed team effectiveness in action. Team Performance Management, 1 5 ,...
Advertising Through Mobile Phones
With the increasing number ofmedia types, it has become more and more difficult for marketing managers to find appropriate strategies to target potential customers with their messages. First, while it was possible in the past to capture a large segment of society by placing advertisements with the main TV networks, the rise of private channels has led to a high degree of fragmentation, thereby complicating access to consumers. Similar fragmentation can be observed with other massmedia types...
References Pvu
Goodman, D., Boggess, L., amp Watkins, A. 2003, July . An investigation into the source of power for AIRS, An artificial immune classification system. In Proceedings of the 2003 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Hamaker, J., amp Boggess, L. 2004, June . Non-Euclidean distance measures in AIRS, an artificial immune classification system. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation pp. 1067-1073 . Hamaker, J., amp Watkins, A. 2003 . Artificial immune...
Chapter VIII
Designing a Resilient and High Performance AbidAl Ajeeli, University of Bahrain, Bahrain Yousif Al-Bastaki, University of Bahrain, Bahrain This chapter describes the detailed configuration and LAN infrastructure design at the University of Bahrain UOB . The authors describe the configuration based on the new setup and migration requirements and indicate how the design satisfies those requirements. The chapter explains the detailed configuration of the design process of the distribution layer...
BACKGROUND History of the Organization
Waleli1 is a high tech company which utilizes the latest proven technological developments in wireless communication to bring innovations to the market. It aims to develop wireless communications to solve needs, both between people mobile applications and between machines and apparatuses machine-to-machine, or M2M, communication , in a simple way. Siete Hamminga, the founding entrepreneur, graduated with a master's degree in industrial engineering and management from the University of Twente in...
Wireless Channel Models
Noisy, error-prone, and subject to frequent outages, conditions on a wireless link can be, on average, a hundred times worse than on a wired link. As a signal from a radio propagates through the environment, it is dramatically attenuated and distorted by physical phenomenon such as path loss, shadowing, and fading. The degree and nature of that depends on many factors such as the operating frequency, the characteristics of the terrain, and the mobility of the participating radios. Such...
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
An ad hoc wireless network is an impromptu network formed by several wireless devices, such as PDAs, laptops, and phones, without relying on an existing network infrastructure Perkins, 2000 . These devices denoted as nodes may be mobile and use a common wireless technology such as WiFi. To facilitate communication among the nodes that are not directly in the radio range of one another, the other nodes act as intermediate routers, just like routers in the Internet. Such networks are useful in...
Component Specification for Data Extraction and Loading
In the selection and pre-processing phases of KDD, various data sources must be identified and the underlying data must be captured in machine-readable format. The approach taken in this work is to perform a component-mediated step that collects heterogeneous data and populates that data in several relational database tables using traditional approaches i.e., existing data transformation techniques are embedded in component Chawathe et al., 1994 Nodine, Fowler, Ksiezyk, Perry, Taylor, amp...
Literature Review
The consumer buying behavior process inside the store has been studied for several dozens of years. There have been attempts to research it in many different ways. For example, Kohne, Totz, and Wehmeyer 2005 use conjoint analysis, a classical technique, to identify consumer preferences in multi-attribute decision making for designing a new context in sensitive services. They evaluate consumer behavior by using a fictitious example of location-based services in a touristic setting. In this...
Introduction Bco
Most of the customer's in-store behavior is made in an unconscious state. Because of this, the customers are afterward unable to explain their purchase decisions in more detail. Most of the purchase decisions are made inside a store. The challenge of the retail business is to create an environment where the customer has a bilateral relation with the store, to optimize the customer's use of time, and to offer a buying experience that the consumer wants to renew later Soars, 2003 . The pleasure...
The Technological Platform For Mobile Marketing
Kalakota and Robinson 2002 define mobile marketing as the distribution of any kind of message or promotion delivered via a mobile handset that adds value to the customer while enhancing revenue for the firm. It is a comprehensive process that supports each phase of the customer life cycle acquisition, relationship enhancement, and retention. A variety of technological platforms are available to support mobile marketing. Here we describe briefly some of the principal components. For a more...
The Iterated Function System
The iterated function system IFS is another fractal that can be applied in computer science. Barnsley 1993, p. 80 defined the IFS as follows A hyperbolic iterated function system consists of a complete metric space X, d together with a finite set of contraction mappings wn X X with respective contractivity factor s, for n 1, 2, , N. The abbreviation IFS is usedfor iterated function system. The notation for the IFS just announced is X, w, n 1, 2, , N and its contractivity factor is s max sn n 1,...
Introduction Wff
The market for mobile phones has expanded rapidly during the past decade and continues to grow quickly. In some European countries such as Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Italy, the mobile phone has reached almost ubiquitous penetration with levels of 80 and higher Economist, 2001 . In Germany, mobile phones are more widely used than fixed-line connections Brechtel, 2002 . In addition to voice communications, German users send out 2.2 billion text messages through their mobile phone every month...
Wan Interconnectivity Setup
Wan Interconnectivity includes an intercampus link between Issa-town and Sukhair as well as Internet connectivity. The intercampus link uses ATM to connect the two campus locations via Batelco at OC3 155 Mbps speed . As the connection is established through Nortel C5000 and C1400 switches, 3Com network design keeps the connectivity via WAN VLAN connects directly to Nortel on both sides. WAN VLAN is an isolated network on VLAN 1 on each 4007R that connects at 100 Mbps speed to the C5000 on both...
References Nkh
ACT-NET Consortium. 1996 . The active database management system manifesto A rule-base of ADBMS features. ACM SigmodRecord, 25 3 , 40-49. Aerts, A. T. M., Szirbik, N. B., amp Goosenaerts, J. B. 2002 . The flexible ICT architecture for virtual enterprises. Computers in Industry, 49 3 , 311-327. Bigus, J. P., amp Bigus, J. 1998 . Constructing intelligent agents with Java. A programmer's guide to smart applications. New York Wiley Computer Publishing. Caglayan, A., amp Harrison, C. 1997 . Agent...
Security In Wireless Networks
Besides performance, security is an important issue in wireless ad hoc networks. The traditional security issues on the Internet are keeping data confidential and unaltered. The most common solution is to encrypt the data by the source application and decrypt it by the de stination application Schneier, 1996 . Intermediate nodes cannot examine the contents and cannot alter it without being detected by the destination. Since only some applications need it, this is implemented as an end-to-end...
How should we combine the Mobile phone with other media Types to create
Because of its limitations regarding screen size, sound, and handling, the mobile phone is not suitable for stand-alone campaigns. Instead, it should be used to extend the presence of a company into an additional channel Carat Interactive, 2002 . Doing so, the mobile phone plays the role of the natural glue between other media types because of its ubiquitous nature it is handy and turned on when watching TV, looking at a billboard on the subway, buying groceries at the supermarket, or listening...
Introduction Pru
The maintenance process of a network topology so that it can carry out all its communication tasks effectively and efficiently requires a steady tuning and upgrading. Therefore, how often and how to carry on such a process are questions yet to be answered. In other words, we want to identify a metric for predicting the network evolution and develop a design tool to carry on the prediction. Here we have defined a network-evolution metric analogous to Moore's Law Moore, 1965 , which states that...
Acceptance Of Mobile Marketing
Now we have discussed the technological and conceptual factors surrounding mobile marketing, let us examine the variables that influence customer acceptance. Specifically, this section aims to explore the few studies already accomplished on mobile marketing acceptance and provide a model that summarizes the main variables concerning this issue. There is no doubt that mobile marketing is still at an embryonic stage. However, several recent studies help us to understand some key factors...
Fractal Geometry in Computer Graphics
Fractal geometry has been generalized by the computer graphics community and it includes objects outside Mandelbrot's original definition Foley, van Dam, Feiner, amp Hughes, 1997 . It means anything that has a substantial measure of exact or statistical self-similarity. In the case of statistical fractals, it is the probability density that repeats itself on every scale. An application field of fractal geometry is in the compression of images fractal compression . A fractal compressed image can...
Fractal Geometry for Modeling Landscapes
Another interesting application of fractal geometry in computer science is for modeling landscapes. Fournier, Fussel, and Carpenter 1982 developed a mechanism for generating a kind of fractal moun tain based on a recursive subdivision algorithm for a triangle. Here, the midpoints of each side of the triangle are connected, creating four new subtriangles. Figure 5a shows the subdivision of the triangle into four smaller triangles, and Figure 5b illustrates how the midpoints of the original...
A Mathematical Model for Trust The Trust Graph
We may represent the trust in a network by a directed graph, the trust graph, whose links A, B correspond to the explicit trust that node A has in node B. Such links are indicated by A B. The implicit trust that a node X has in another node Y is then represented by a trust path from X to Y in which node X awards trust to node Y via a chain of intermediary nodes Xi, where Xi awards trust explicitly to the next node X 1 in the chain. Such trust may be supported by certificates. For example, node...
Fractal Geometry for Controlling Network Traffic
Different models on the nature of network traffic have been proposed in the literature, but in contrast to traditional models, network traffic presents a kind of fractality J. Liu, 2006 Norros, 1994, 1995 Park amp Willinger, 2000 . In the last decades, many fractal traffic processes were described, but the fractality in the traffic was a complex concept, and different approaches were developed. Early models included fractional Brownian motion Levy Vehel amp Riedi, 1997 Norros, 1994, 1995 , the...
Load Balancing and Terminal Association
Since an AP and its associated clients share a limited bandwidth resource, APs can become overloaded, leading to congestion and poor network performance. On the other hand, a client may be able to communicate quite succe ssfully with two or more APs, but at the expense of possibly causing congestion at an AP. Thus, one would like to have a wireless LAN that is capable of distributing client associations among APs more or less uniformly so that no one AP is overloaded. WLAN equipment with this...
New Orleans Louisiana
In late August of2005, Hurricane Katrina slammed ashore near the outfall of the Mississippi River as a category 3 hurricane. This storm caused considerable damage far and wide however the city that received the most attention was New Orleans. The storm surge from the hurricane caused New Orleans' extensive levee system to fail and the waters of the Gulf of Mexico came flooding into the city streets. What followed over the course of the next week or so can only be described as chaos. Emergency...
Management Structure
Broadstreet Communications had a fairly flat but hierarchical organizational structure as shown in Figure 1. The board of directors was composed of representatives from the Venture Capitalist groups 3 and 2 members of Broadstreet Communications, namely, the CEO and president, plus one outside members agreed upon by those members. The CEO was also the Chairman of the Board of Directors. The two anomalies in the structure were that the CIO and the VP of Sales had junior VPs for information...
References Vme
Arumugam, A. K., Doufexi, A., Nix, A. R., amp Fletcher, P. N. 2003 . An investigation of the coexistence of 802.11g WLAN and high data rate Bluetooth enabled consumer electronic devices in indoor home and office environments. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 49 3 , 587-596. Christakos, G., Bogaert, P., amp Serre, M. 2002 . Temporal GIS Advanced functions forfield-based applications. Berlin, Germany Springer. Cockcroft, S. 1997 . A taxonomy of spatial data integrity Constraints....
Related Work Khl
Mobile agents have been recognized as a promising technology for mobile e -busine ss applications. The interest of developing mobile agent systems for mobile devices has increased in recent years. Telescript describes a scenario in which a personal agent is dispatched to search a number of electronic catalogs for specific products and returns best prices to a PDA from where it starts Gray, 1997 . An integrated mobile agent system called Nomad allows mobile agents to travel to the eAuc-tionHouse...
Wireless Networks Evolution
Besides the wired computer networks evolution, radio packet switched networks evolved in parallel. With the advances in radio and portability of computers, the Department of Defense sponsored the military project Survivable Adaptive Radio Networks SURAN program in the early 1980s to provide packet-switched networking in a battlefield without any fixed infrastructure. After significant work, the IEEE has issued since then with great success several 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network WLAN...
Introduction Jcn
The proliferation of wireless cellular networks and the penetration of Internet services are changing many aspects of Web computing. Constantly increasing client populations utilize diverse devices to access the wired and wireless medium, and various heterogeneous applications e.g., traffic-and weather-condition broadcasting, streaming video are being developed to satisfy the eager requirements of the clients. In this environment, seamless and ubiquitous connectivity as well as low...
References
Amigo Project 2004 . Ambient intelligence for the networked home environment Summary. Amigo Project. Dec. 2004. Available from the World-Wide Web amigo Drew Jr, W. 2002 . Wireless Networks New meaning to ubiquitous computing. University of New York. Jun 2002, pp. 1 - 11 Juniper Research 2008 . Global mCommerce Revenue Projections For 2009. Available from the WorldWide Web International Telecommunication Union 2005a . New Initiatives Programmes, Feb 2005. International Telecommunication Union....
Simulation Environments
Ns-2 Fall et al., 2003 and BonnMotion 2005 are discrete event simulators used specially for simulating network for research purpose. Ns-2 provides substantial support for simulation of transmission control protocol user datagram protocol TCP UDP, routing protocols such as DSR and AODV, and multicast protocols over wired and wireless networks. An extension developed by UCB Daedelus, CMU Monarch projects, and Sun Microsystems included wireless network communication in Ns-2. Features such as a...
BSS and ESS Setup
In the infrastructure mode, the wireless network operates under the coordination of an AP. The AP itself is connected to a wired network such as a LAN. In a simple home network, the AP can be directly connected to a router, which provides access to the Internet see Figure 8 . Two stations such as Host 1 and Host 2 communicate through an AP to access the Internet. The AP is connected to a wired network even when access to the Internet is not required. In our case, no access to the Internet is...
Data preprocessing
Before we supply the data into the AIRS algorithm, we need to preprocess the data. The data preprocessing that is done are normalizing numerical value, handling missing values, and converting categorical variables from literal strings to integer indices for easier processing. For each numerical data field, we perform min-max normalization. First, we scan the data to find the minimum and maximum value of the field, then we normalize each value in this field to the range of 0,1 by converting it...
Consumer Acceptance of Mobile Marketing
The acceptance of a mobile marketing message is likely to be influenced by the consumer's acceptance of the mobile medium, the relevance of the content, and the context ofthe marketing message Barnes amp Scornavacca, 2004 Dickinger et al., 2004 Enpocket, 2003 Heinonen amp Strandvik, 2003 . Messages that are concise, funny, interactive, entertaining, and relevant to the target group usually achieve higher levels of success Dickinger et al., 2004 Jelassi amp Enders, 2004 . The recent m-business...
Internationalization Challenge
The current challenges include going international with the 21Switch product. Waleli has already made contact with, among others, Deutsche Telecom, British Telecom, and Telia Sweden , and these contacts are close to fruition. To help with international efforts, Waleli has entered into an arrangement with Lawrence Masle. Lawrence Masle is an American with a very strong corporate track record he was vice president of Corporate Communication and Business Development with Ericsson in Sweden. He...
References Dys
Babbie, E. 1990 . Survey research methods 2nd ed. . Belmont, CA Wadsworth. Barnes, S.J., amp Scornavacca, E. 2004 . Mobile marketing The role ofpermission and acceptance. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 2 2 , 128-139. Barwise, P., amp Strong, C. 2002 . Permission-based mobile advertising. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 16 1 , 14-24. Creswell, J. 2003 . Research design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches 2nd ed. . Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications....
Introduction Upj
Collaboration in networks and managing performance across organizations has gained the attention of researchers Huxham amp Vangen, 2000 . Our comprehension of collaborative networks2 has progressed substantially over a couple of decades Oliver amp Ebers, 1998 , but it lacks integration Ebers, 2002 . Collaborative networks cover a range of purposes such as innovation requiring heavy investment in R amp D, international ventures, and the delivery of public services like health and education. This...
References Vyz
12Snap. 2003 . Mobile barcode coupons The marketing revolution for marketeers. Retrieved May 18, 2003, from www.12snap.com uk help couponsshort.pdf Barnes, S.J. 2002a . Under the skin Short-range embedded wireless technology. International Journal of Information Management, 22 3 , 165-179. Barnes, S.J. 2002b . The mobile commerce value chain Analysis and future developments. International Journal of Information Management, 22 2 , 91-108. Barnes, S.J. 2002c . Wireless digital advertising Nature...
Introduction Uvr
Cellular and WiFi wireless fidelity are currently the most popular and actively pursued wireless technologies for consumer and business use. A cellular network consists of several base stations, each covering a small geographical region. Together the base stations cover a wide region such as a city. To be useful, the entire region of interest must be covered without gaps by these base stations. This requires billions of dollars of investment in network infrastructure consisting of wireless...
The Probabilistic Suffix Tree Scheme
The probabilistic suffix tree predictor, PST for short, was introduced in Ron, Singer, and Tishby 1996 , and it presents some similarities to LZ78 and PPM. Although it specifies a maximum order for the contexts it will consider, it is actually a Figure 4. The symbolic representation of the example smart home Figure 4. The symbolic representation of the example smart home variable-length Markov predictor and constructs its tree for an input sequence as follows. The construction procedure uses...
The AIRS Algorithm
Processes in biological immune systems have inspired the design of AIRS. An artificial recognition ball ARB is used to represent a set of identical B-cells. The ARBs in the system will compete for B-cells in order to survive in the evolutionary sense therefore an ARB with no B-cell will be removed from the system. A fixed number ofB-cells are allowed in the system, so the least stimulated ARB will not be able to get any B-cells, and will therefore be removed from the system. We will at times...